Mythinformation from The Whale and the Reactor A Search...

Mythinformation† from â€Å"The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology† by Langdon Winner. Dr. Winner known for his writings on science, technology and society explores computer revolution, its social and ethical issues in this chapter (6), making it an interesting read. As the title implies it highlights the myths1 anticipated when the computer revolution2 started. Even though the extract was written in the 1980s, it is extremely relevant even today. Dr Winner begins the chapter by telling us that the term â€Å"Computer Revolution† has become a â€Å"standard feature in contemporary writings on computers and society† (Page - 98). He further explains that irrespective of the label (information revolution, microelectronics revolution or network revolution.) it is being categorised into, the message is usually the same (Page 98 and 99) – that is the increase in the usage of computers and other technological devices will benefit all the spheres of the society and its overall impact will be useful for one and all. He beautifully argues by the giving the example of the revolution of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua (a third world country) that the most obvious questions which we ask for any political revolution should also be pondered upon in this case as well. â€Å"Is this a movement truly committed to social justice? Does it seek to uphold a valid ideal of human freedom? Does it aspire to a system of democratic ru le?† (Page - 99). As we read in the first

Should Undocumented Immigrants Be Deported - 1196 Words

Should millions of undocumented immigrants be allowed to live in the U.S without the fear of being deported and losing their families? Undocumented immigrants who move to the U.S to help give a better life to their families should not worry about being deported. Undocumented immigrants risk their lives crossing boarders, just to give their families a better life. Not all undocumented are rapists, drug traffickers or any of the other things Donald Trump has said about the undocumented immigrant. Undocumented immigrant laws have become a situation because so many undocumented immigrants live and work in the United States. Trying to figure out whether undocumented immigrants should be deported or legalized is causing an effect on the families and they live in fear of what could happen and how it could change their lives forever. Many undocumented immigrants take many risks to cross the border and the fear that undocumented immigrants have to live with is unfair. Many Americans judge un documented immigrants because they think the only thing the immigrants came to do is to steal jobs but really undocumented immigrants are very hard working. they will work jobs that many people in the United States are not willing to do or the jobs they don’t want. Undocumented immigrants will work more than 10 hours a day, seven days a week, without a break just so they can put food on the table for their family and on top of trying to put food on the table, undocumented immigrants also payShow MoreRelatedThe Alien Act Of Illegal Immigration Essay952 Words   |  4 Pageshand, some argue that millions of undocumented immigrants should not be allowed to live in the United States, and should most likely exemplify fear of getting deported. From this perspective, it is said that if they are undocumented, then these immigrants have broken the law and therefore have a criminal record (Sandy). On the other hand, others argue that millions of undocumented immigrants should be allo wed to live in the U.S. without any fear of getting deported. My own view is that, and I specificallyRead MoreBruce Lee Once Said, â€Å"I Want To Think Of Myself...As A1054 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals? Deporting immigrants with criminal records back to their countries of origin has become a method for the United States to provide safety for its own citizens. Sadly, those who pose no potential threat and have clean backgrounds get caught in this current dilemma. As a result, individuals who have done nothing wrong get deported as well. The United States should pay closer attention to who their immigration officers are choosing to deport. Discharging an immigrant who has a criminal historyRead MoreThe Distress Of Citizen Children With Detained And Deported Parents1216 Words   |  5 PagesDetained and Deported Parents In the United States, US born children also suffer when it comes to immigration and deportation because although they are US born, their parents are not, parents are at major risk of being deported because a large part of them entered the country illegally or with a Visa but remained in the country after it expired. In the past decade, nearly 2 million persons were removed from the country, 81 % of them to Latin America. Of the estimated 11.7 million undocumented immigrantsRead MoreThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The United States1356 Words   |  6 PagesThere are millions of illegal immigrants in the United States, as Markon (2016) argues that the majority are from South and Central America, Europe, and Mexico. They form a population of between 10 million to 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. One of these illegal is my father, who came to the U.S.A in 1996 to work and tried to pay the numerous debts that he got in my country; in addition, my country had a large concern where there weren’t jobs and several banks had gone brokeRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Be Legal949 Words   |  4 Pageswhether undocumented immigrants should be able to get full amnesty is still a controversy. Even though illegal immigrants did make an illicit action, many see the United States as an opportunity for a better future. In addition, undocumented immigrants should be granted citizenship because it will benefit the United States. Creating an amnesty for the students will help the United States by improving the economy, create more jobs and decrease deportation. Granting citizenship to illegal immigrants willRead MoreDeportation Of The United States Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesa nation since the first newcomers arrived over 400 years ago. Immigrants contribute deeply to many of the economic, social, and political processes that are foundational to the United States as a nation. Millions of immigrants are deported every year. The ethnicity of immigrants living in the United States come from all around. Mexico has the largest population of immigrants coming to America. â€Å"The number of unauthorized immigrants living in the United States is estimated to 11.2 million, the majorityRead MoreIllegal Immigrants in the United States Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesMany people in America have something against immigrants who come to this country looking for a better life and to escape from violence. â€Å"It is certainly not fair that undocumented immigrant workers do not pay taxes, and it is certainly unfair that they use public services wi thout contributing to it† (Miller 55). For these Americans, their perspective on illegal immigrants is that they are nothing but a waste of space in this country and they are taking away this country’s resources and money withRead MoreImmigration And Customs Enforcement Officer And A Relative Who Experienced Staying At Different Detention Centers1060 Words   |  5 Pagesdetention centers in Texas for six months before she was deported to El Salvador. Before I started with the interviews I let them know about my research question and then I followed up with interrogations and thoughts, details and opinions. The first interview I conducted was with the ICE officer; Mr. Fields believes that to build a wall at the border will not solve any immigration problems. He believes only criminals should be detain and deported. He said when they arrest people that do not have a criminalRead MoreDonald Trump As A Man Of Knowledge Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesshowing his tax retur ns because he believes it will cause even more harm. During the campaign, Donald Trump has also brought us issues regarding deporting illegal immigrants. Donald Trump is an empowered man who should be applauded for taking advantage of tax breaks that he has the right to and because of that Illegal Immigrants should be given special treatment. Donald Trump is the epitome of a man of knowledge as well as a man of empowerment. Empowerment is a concept in law that the world seemsRead MoreIs It A Land Made By Immigrants?1470 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Jennifer Stewart ENGL 1213 16 April 2017 This is a land made by Immigrants! As a multicultural nation that is the United States or America. I for one embrace the multitude of coming immigrants because I myself is an American citizen, born from immigrants. Although, this nation I live in, some have a say so. I’m taking a stance with pro-immigration with an event that unfolds daily in our lives as Americans and immigrants. Why I say it like that is cause, social and economic events between the

How reliable is source 5 as a representation of the death of Hattie Carroll Free Essays

‘The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll’, the song by Bob Dylan is both reliable and unreliable in many ways as a representation of her death. During the Black Civil Rights Movement of the time, Dylan was a popular artist and felt strongly about this specific cause. Through his lyrics he spoke out for the oppressed minority. We will write a custom essay sample on How reliable is source 5 as a representation of the death of Hattie Carroll? or any similar topic only for you Order Now His songs however, did not represent the views of all the black people at the time. Through his lyrics he expressed only his point of view. Therefore, it must be taken into account that there may be bias of some form in some of his works. We must take into account that it is more than likely that Dylan was not at the actual murder scene and therefore his song is a secondary source. We also are not totally sure if Dylan was genuinely concerned about the welfare of the oppressed, or, he was using the situation to boost his own career. Ultimately, these together could be factors for why Dylan wrote and performed â€Å"finger-pointing songs.† I would say that the majority of the motives in his work are honourable but others may think differently. Joan Baez, a folk singer and a Civil Rights activist and, Dylan’s girlfriend at the time said of him; â€Å"he never went to marches. One of the ironic things was, 20 years after the fact, people at marches saying, â€Å"Is Bob coming? We heard Bob’s coming.† He never went. It wasn’t his life and there was no reason he should really because he didn’t believe in all that politics stuff.† The contents of the song tell us some of the basic facts about the incident. We know Hattie was murdered by Zanzinger who got a very lenient sentence. Gaps however exist in our knowledge due to the fact that source 5 contains only part of the actual song. Therefore we do not see the full picture surrounding what happened and what actually happened. Dylan puts his lyrics across with a sarcasm and bitterness. This is because Carroll was murdered due to racial discrimination. We are not sure if Dylan was present at the trial and because of this we cannot trust what he is suggesting fully but we can take it for granted that what he is saying is at least partly true. I feel that Dylan’s intended audience was universal. He aimed to inform people of the wrong in society and he gave the black Americans hope in their campaign for justice. I can only presume that Dylan wrote this song to make society aware of what was happening to the black people. I also think that the fact that Dylan would gain publicity for his controversy and therefore this may have been a reason for him writing and performing â€Å"finger-pointing songs.† In source 5 we do not gain any insight into Zanzinger’s motives for murdering Carroll. Zanzinger’s story is not known and because each story has two sides we cannot view the ‘bigger picture.’ This source is partly reliable. We know that Dylan had a good reputation as a truthful, genuine artist but it must be acknowledged that the limitations to the song as a representation of the death of Hattie Carroll given the language, tone, motives and the missing part of the source. How to cite How reliable is source 5 as a representation of the death of Hattie Carroll?, Papers

High School Graduates Fight or Flight Essay Sample free essay sample

Ah. college. It is the clip of our lives where striplings turn into maturating grownups. It is a clip for freedom for most adolescents. but it is a elephantine measure closer to their womb-to-tomb calling. For some of the alumnuss. college is non the right way for them. For most. college can be a strict four old ages and beyond to an early adult’s life. Indulgent people consider alumnuss should be able to settle their stressed heads a twelvemonth before come ining college because of the force per unit area in their old school life. High school alumnuss should non take so long resting before the start of their college callings. because their heads can wipe out so much information learned from high school ; and non maintaining on path with your academic and personal public presentation could impede your possible in college. Taking a twelvemonth off from academic chase and leting the pupil to prosecute a personal accomplishment or detecting their individuality in society is considered to be a waste of clip. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Graduates: Fight or Flight? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although Princeton and Harvard recommend that their pupils take this â€Å"gap year† to fix themselves. alumnuss that are non mature plenty will finally be engrossed in their surrounding distractions. During college. a college pupil will be able to detect their individuality every bit good as focal point on their surveies. For illustration. a alumnus with the right mentality should prosecute college in the aftermath of a few months. and merely so their personality and potency could bloom. However. merely a few Numberss of universities defer their attendees’ admittance. depending on how that university is structured. Actually. many colleges do offer entree to plans that graduates can inscribe without holding the force per unit area of a barbarous college agenda. Another good ground that college alumnuss should non take this â€Å"gap year† is because that their academic abilities might decrease after a long remainder. merely to happen out that they are non prepared for their first yearss at the university degree. As alumnuss leave high school. their academic cognition is still fresh in their memory and whether ready or non. they are accustomed to their survey wonts and senior twelvemonth instruction that will go on to come on in their following four old ages. In our coevals today. college is non even the first option that crosses an 18-year-old head. If they decide to take their interruption to roll from a farther academic accomplishment. their womb-to-tomb success won’t be really carry throughing as person who achieves their grades without taking a interruption. Even if college alumnuss do program to obtain a grade and stop up taking a â€Å"gap year† . the distraction from their faculty members could blockade their pre paredness come ining college. Yes. college is a serious concern and should non be taken lightly. A â€Å"gap year† shouldn’t be in consequence to deflect college alumnuss from what could perchance their most of import old ages of their lives. It shouldn’t be in consequence if it can impede the academic cognition and preparedness of a alumnus. when they have a more successful chance to complete college and so detect the universe. Whether what college a alumnus attends. it should be up to the alumnus him or herself to do that determination if a interruption is what they might see necessary to their lives. If a spread twelvemonth shouldn’t be considered. the alumnus shouldn’t be pressured to take a interruption or non. but their determination should be influenced by their experience and preparedness.

The Group Of Foreigners Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Group Of Foreigners Essay, Research Paper Group individuality has been used to separate societal position of people since the birth of world. Different sorts people are in different group. For illustration, the aliens in America ever like to do friends with whom coming from their ain states or talking the same linguistic communications, and be in a group with their friend. The group can be really large, like a little town where 1000s of people who come from same state live in one country ; or it can be really little, like several people who ever hang out with one another. The group of the alien, they make their environment convenient and life colorful. In some large metropoliss, you can happen many aliens groups live in different countries, such as China town, Nipponese town, Grecian town and so on. They are together and do their life countries more like their ain states. We will write a custom essay sample on The Group Of Foreigners Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For a alien life in a foreign state, if he can hear people talk his linguistic communication. He will be really happy. Last twelvemonth I went to Los Angeles to see my aunt. And I had a good clip in the China town at that place. That China town is really large. A batch of Chinese live at that place. There are many really nice Chinese eating houses and some large Chinese supermarket. When you walk in the China town you can hear many people speaking Chinese even if the people in the eating houses and shops. In the Chinese shop, you can happen many Chinese material, which in other topographic points is really difficult to happen, such as Chinese books, Chinese Cadmiums At that clip, I had been in America one twelvemonth and missed place really much. But when I was in the China town, I was experiencing like back to my state. I was so aroused to be in such an country in a foreign state. We all know that life and analyzing in a foreign state are non easy for a individual turning up in another state or even civilization. You may necessitate many assist from others. Such as, how can you happen the topographic point to populate ; where can you purchase food markets? In America, The group of aliens, they ever help each other, no mater you are an old friend, or you are a new member. Before I come to East Lansing, I don t know anything about this town and the school. But, after I got here, my uncle introduced some Chinese friends to me. They are all really nice to me. They told me a batch of things about this town and the school, and took me to look around the town. They besides helped me happen a really nice flat for me to populate. After my school started I met some international pupils in school and made friend with them. After that every weekend we hang out together, and when we have inquiries about survey, we help each other. It has given me a batch of aid. I was so h appy to be a member of this little community. On the whole, all these are my personal sentiments and feelings about group individuality. Group individuality is doubtless of import in our society and our lives. And in existent life, there are many illustrations about group individuality everyplace and anytime. Just like the group of aliens. They once more are demoing us the significance of group individuality

Sociology and Age Old Problem Essays

Sociology and Age Old Problem Essays Sociology and Age Old Problem Essay Sociology and Age Old Problem Essay Bosom Friend Hira Bansode The poem â€Å"Bosom Friend† is a critical and a sarcastic remark against the hypocritical caste-ridden society. The poet here articulates the pain she has suffered at the hands of the upper class. The experience of constant subjugation, separation and marginalization are expressed in a tone which is both vehement and sarcastic. The title of the poem has an ironic under tone since her guests do not in anyway live up to her expectations. The narrator in the poem plays the role of hostess to some upper-caste guests. Her treatment of the guests is unconditional and unpretentious. She appreciates her guests for their gesture of magnanimity since they have shed their feeling of cast superiority. She finds it surprising as the gap between low class and upper class was too large to be bridged. But the age old problem has been effortlessly remedied by her guests with the mind as large as the sky. The devotion showed by the hostess has been compared to that of Shabari of the Ramayana. But unfortunately her devotion was short lived, when she started to serve. The feeling of caste- superiority suddenly found expression in her guests’ insolent remarks on the table etiquette of the hostess. One of them even says, â€Å"You folk will newer improve†. The hostess is terribly offended and breaks in to a sense of nostalgia. She recalls her days of poverty and painfully expresses her impoverished circumstances when she had no access to milk or yoghurt. The expectations of the guests can not be fulfilled since the hostess has been brought up in utter poverty. Her only source of luxury was chutney on coarse bread. The hostess also says that shrikhand was not part of their language. The hostess who was so happy at the arrival of the guests now sounds like a liberated women and defends her ignorance of table etiquette since it was the society which made her.

Main Legislation in the Early Years of Foundation Stage Essay

Main Legislation in the Early Years of Foundation Stage - Essay Example When parents decide to use early years services they are determined to know how the provisions will help in keeping their children safe and promote their growth. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EFYS, 2008) is the structure that gives this assurance. Definitions of stages of growth in childhood come from many sources. Several theorists like Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Lev Vygotsky and Erik Erikson, provided ways of understanding development, various researches done lately have provided important information concerning the nature of development. In addition, stages of childhood are defined culturally by social institutions, customs, laws that constitute a society. For example, while professionals and researchers define the period of early childhood as birth to eight years of age, others in the United States consider the age of five years, because it corresponds with entry into cultural activities of formal schooling. The EYFS mission is to assist young children at the age five wi th every matter and to ensure that the children stay healthy and safe; they should also enjoy and make achievements. Making positive contribution and gaining monetary well-being through: Providing balanced opportunity, anti-discriminatory activities and guaranteeing that every child is included in the children profile, and not disadvantaged by culture or religion, ethnicity, culture, family status, home language, disabilities or learning difficulties, ability or gender. The setting of standards for learning, care and development of young children should be experienced when they are attending a setting outside their family home and making sure that there is uniformity in progress in children. Increasing consistency and quality in the early year’s sector can be achieved through a global set of standards that applies to all setting. This can be achieved by ending the differences between learning and care in the available frameworks and offering the foundation for regulation regi me and inspection. Creating structures for partnership through working collectively with parents and experts would determine the settings that children attend. Nevertheless, laying a protected foundation for future learning through development that is designed around the personal requirements and the interests of a child, using well-versed observational assessment is very vital in early foundation (Bowman Donavan and Susan, 2001). In context and legal responsibilities, the EYFS has played a crucial part in the ten-year childcare strategic choice for parents, which involves the best start for children and landmark childcare act 2006. The act gives a suitable framework for the delivery of EYFS and has taken together the other basics for strategy; the EYFS will be the centre for the delivery of new tasks aimed at reducing inequalities and improving results. Recently, there has been a significant improvement in the early years practice and standards, the EYFS developed this for practiti oners to realize the continuity with the principle and approaches to Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage. Also, the birth to three matters foundation and the national standards for Less than 8 years Daycare and Child minding was a major concern. The EYFS has the mandate

Strategica HRM and change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategica HRM and change management - Essay Example environment it operates in, it is important for an organization to adapt to changes and formulate policies and strategies which are fit for the changing environment. Due to the rapid development of technology and increased competition, the environment has become very volatile. The spread of globalization at an accelerating pace has further made the environment more and more volatile. In order to survive in such a volatile environment, organizations need to be very flexible so that they can proactively form or reform their strategies according to the changing environment. Today, one of the most important assets for any organization is its ability to manage change. Organizations which failed to be flexible enough to fit in this environment eventually died as their survival became impossible. Change is the only constant thing in life. The world is constantly changing and it is often difficult to predict what it is changing into. The change results in hundreds of opportunities and pitfalls which an organization comes across every moment. The concept of organizational change refers to organization-wide change rather than smaller changes such as modifying a product of adding a new employee. It includes activities such as a change in mission of the company, operations restructuring, introduction of new technology, mergers, collaborations, launching new programs such as TQM, etc. Organizational change is usually provoked by outside factors such as new markets, changing consumers’ demands, substantial cuts in funding, need for an increase in the productivity, etc. As a business evolves through various cycles of a business lifecycle, it needs to change its overall strategies in order to be successful. Any organization attempting to bring about a change must take into consideration the three key aspects of organizational life which are: the organization’s culture, the leadership and the existing network of power. An organizational culture is defined as the

National Economic Policy (macroeconomic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

National Economic Policy (macroeconomic) - Essay Example The volatility in the spending of the consumers can be influenced by the volatility in terms of trade. After the middle of 1980s Australia has been subjected to less volatile terms of trade. The terms of trade is correlated with economic growth. The terms of trade rises when the economy is experiencing growth while the terms of trade takes the declining curve when there is no such progress in the economy. Question a The terms of trade consists of two prime components namely the world prices of the exports and imports and the goods variety that are offered to the consumers. Australia has been regarded as the country that has the potential to affect the global pries of the goods. The recent developments within the geographic boundary of the country can influence the terms of trade. Australia is net exporter of coal and therefore the rise in the global prices of coal compared to with that of other ICT goods will impact to raise the terms of trade. The terms of trade shares close correla tion with the prevailing exchange rates of the economy. The financial crisis in 1990s led to reduction of the nominal exchange rate. The regional influences can play a part in volatility of the import prices while the prices of exports are influenced only by change in global prices. In short period of time the imports prices fall more rapidly than export prices. The unstable productivity growth in either in tradable or in non tradable commodities sector contributed in boosting the exchange rate. The sectors of finance and insurance and some other sectors experienced rapid productivity growth after the decade of 1980s. The second factor that can be accounted for is the strengthening of the U.S. dollar which was driven by the inflows of capital. The exchange rate therefore remained lower than the fundamental levels in the short time span. The less volatility in terms of trade played a part in keeping the economic growth more or less at the stable state as well as contributed in mainta ining the rate of inflation at lower levels. The terms of trade followed the upward rising curve after 2000 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2011). Australia turned away from relative price impulsive properties towards more predictable exports of goods over the last fifteen years. The country now involves itself in export of wider range of rural goods. Vegetables, dairy products constitute the other varieties of exports and exports of such commodities have risen in due course of time. Question b The factors that have the potential to influence the terms of trade are as follows: The global demand fluctuations The commodity market shock Globalization shock The first shock and the second shock play their part in driving the prices for exports while the third shock raises the total productivity of output and at the same time reduces the import prices. The terms of trade line gets shifted as the exchange rate offer surplus to the external shocks. The demand shock will influence the inflation to rise up but the impact is expected to be felt only in the short period of time as the rates of interests are high enough and the real exchange rates appreciates. The IS and the LM curve forms the Mundell-Fleming model. The GDP of any economy is the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. The net exports are the difference between imports and exports. The LM curve uses the following

Procter Gambles Innovation And Information Technology Practices Marketing Essay

Procter Gambles Innovation And Information Technology Practices Marketing Essay The PESTEL analysis found out that government taxes/ corporate tax and global economic downturn become the issues of the PG changes its business to merging market. And the SWOT analysis evaluate that PG have the strong financial position and strong branding makes it success in this new markets trend. The efficiency and effective of supply chain also is the strong point for PG innovation. The report also evaluates and concludes  that would be an ideal to meet the challenge which presented by the market and could satisfy the consumer demand since it uses open innovation- Connect and Develop program outsourcing the raw- materials and technologies and through acquisition of domestic and foreign competitors. But it also has the barriers on this program and acquisition. Since carriage out the Obamas foreign tax proposals, foreign rivals pay less in taxes in their home countries, foreign-based competitors would be able to reinvest more, expand faster and sell their products at lower prices than U.S. companies and this affect PG. The tax changes put PG at a cost disadvantage, PG gain a 15% to 20% cost disadvantage compared with other rivals. This will make PG unable to effectively compete against foreign corporations in the future (www.msnbc.msn.com). The heavily of IRS (Internal Revenue Service) fees is a burden of PG. This will reduce the profit of PG. For the example, PG valued artwork donated Cincinnati Art Museum in 2003 at $8.5 million but the IRS allowed PG subtract $6.4 million of the income taxes because the company states that in the lawsuit that PG is uses third-party appraisers to value its donations, so the company not allow PG subtract the full amount of the donation. And, PG had paid more than $6 billion of federal income taxes over the six years that were audited (www.usatoday.com). The national income and GDP growing will increase buying power. It will course PG raised its consumers especially in developing markets such as China and India. According to the report, GDP growing helps the Procter Gamble gain the premarket; it was gained from 2.2 percent to $58.51 after it reported results (www.reuters.com). Today, according to The New York Times (2009) reported that the sales from developing countries are doubling every four years. The sales from developing markets represent 32 percent of P Gs $78 billion in annual revenue, up from 23 percent four years ago. Global economic downturn- merging markets In the worlds four most populous nations, three are state in emerging markets; there are China, India and Indonesia. According to the Capital Groups estimation, it found that 70% of the worlds economic growth under the next 10 years will move towards from emerging market countries (Delfeld Carl T, 2009). Delfeld Carl T (2009) defines that Emerging markets now account for half of global economic growth, 33% of world GDP, and nearly 20% of world stock market value. After global economic downturn, PG trend to focus its growth strategy on emerging markets, it has opening about 20 new manufacturing facilities outside its established markets (www.wikinvest.com). It makes PG raising its capita sales in India and China more than 1 billion residents each and added $40 billion a year in Mexico (social.forecastfocus.com). And Delfeld Carl T (2009) also defines that PG now gains 32% of total sales from these merging markets and this is doubling every four years. PG have a large scale of operations and strong financial position in the domestic and foreign markets. PG serve 4 billion customers around the world and it has operations in over 80 countries (Procter Gamble, 2010). In the year 2008, PG was the 8th largest corporation in the world by market capitalisation and 14th largest US Company by profit. Now, it is 6th in Worlds Most Admired Companies in year 2009 (Americas Most Admired Companies 2009). In the Fortune 500, the company was the 20th in annual ranking of Americas largest corporations in the year of 2009 (CNN Fortune ranking). This strength helps PG gain opportunities in merging markets with the successful result. PG brings many new innovations to the market around the world. This is one of the strengths that PG success its business in the world. PG products innovation are very popular around the world, it gain a lot of awards, example, SymphonyIRI Group recognizes PG in its annual Pacesetters list and with the Outstanding Achievement in Innovation award (Procter Gamble, 2010). According to Business week, it reported PG is ranked 12 among the Worlds Most Innovative Companies (Procter Gamble, 2010). This is the marketing strategic that PG used to present around the world. PG provides well- known, trusted brands touch the lives of consumers in over 180 countries allows PG to efficiently and effectively to serve more consumers at more price points and gain the switch off markets advantages, for example Tide is the clear leader in the U.S. laundry detergent market with approximately 38% value share. Ariel is the leading detergent in Western Europe with about 16% value shares (2009 Annual Report). According to the IRI New Product Pacesetter Report, it ranks that PG products are the best-selling new products in the U.S. every year. Over the past 14 years, PG has had 114 top 25 Pacesetters. In the last year alone, PG had five of the top 10 new product launches in the U.S. and 10 of the top 25. (www.marketingweek.co.uk) Gillette acquisition, Ambi Pur acquisition After Gillette acquisition, PG believe that will create a group with annual sales of GBP 32bn, pushing its rival Unilever turn into second position in the UK toiletries market (Business Services Industry 05, 2010 CBS Interactive Inc). The PGs Gilette brand expend its market enters a new era in male personal care. That is a great opportunities to PG to expend it markets to male markets and gain more market share. There have many advantages to PG acquire Ambi Pur. Ambi Pur brand was rich history in innovation, if PG acquire with Ambi Pur success, it can enjoy millions of consumers which come from air care market. Beside that, Ambi Pur brings new technologies and high-performance products to PG current Air Care portfolio (Procter Gamble, 2010). This will increase the markets share of PG and brings PG go future. 2. Innovation and IT means to PG Innovation and IT become most and most importance in markets to every company. According to the Bob McDonalds speech which presented at the Innovation Institutes of India Global Conference (2008, p.4), claim that the innovation means at PG is the conversion of a new idea into consumer delight and, ultimately, into revenues and profits. In PG, the innovation very roughly, they innovate at every point of brands and innovate in every part of business. Its cover in terms of product or packaging innovation, and to innovate include design, media, communications, business models, cost structures and organizational structures (Bob McDonald, 2008). Open Innovation has significantly increased PGs innovation speed. Bob McDonald define that open innovation not as a form of out-sourcing but, rather, as a way to in source the creativity of the world. Nowadays, over half of the ideas and technologies innovations that PG bring to market are come from foreign countries (CASE III-5 by DeHayes, 2009). For examples, PGs Swiffer brand works together with Unicharm, Royal/Dirt Devil, and IDEO for the innovation of product, commercial and design. PGs Febreze partnerships with KJK, Givaudan, and GK Design for the package design, technology and perfume development. A Pringles potato chip is a successful example of the PGs open innovation effort (www.business-strategy-innovation.com). In this case, PG taking the innovation in, at the same time its also taking innovation out, for example: PG licensing PGs food technologies and packaging capabilities to ConAgra Foods (www.pg.com), in order to gain the licensing fee (CASE I-4 by Lyn Denend and Burg elman). Procter Gamble try to maintain its competitive advantages by focusing on product innovation, its always look for innovation ideas by its total portfolio of businesses and technologies. Its use its internal capability with an external network of innovation partners through Connect and Develop program. Theres a global network provide potential innovation partners for PG with about researchers, scientists and entrepreneurs doing work in areas relevant to PG businesses (www.pg.com). Through its Connect + Develop initiative, PG bring in new product ideas from outside, allows others developers to obtain their concepts and designs into PGs product pipeline. For example, they helped PG launch Olay Regenerist Eye Derma-Pods, and become its top-selling skin-care item in the year 2008 (www.fastcompany.com, 2008). According to the wiki analysis, it found that PG will launch a flurry of new products globally, using innovation to boost sales in fiscal 2010 coming out of the global recession (www. wikinvest.com, 2010). Acquisition of domestic and foreign competitors PG management had adopted another innovative play-to-win strategy by acquisition of domestic and foreign competitors. PG acquired other companies that helped in innovation its products, diversified its product line and increased its profits (knol.google.com knol.google.com). For example, the cases of Gillette acquisition, and Ambi Pur acquisition. After Gillette acquisition, PG gain the innovation in male personal care products, for example the Gillette Fusion ProGlideà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ razors and ProSeriesà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ male skin care products, there are innovation products which combine Gillette technologies (Procter Gamble, 2010). After acquisition of Gillette, PG increase its position in faster growing, higher margin, and more asset efficient businesses. The PG gain 22 brands with sales of $1 billion or more and 14 brands with sales between $500 million or $1 billion (Rick Ciccone, 2006). Besides, Ambi Pur brings new technologies and high-performance products to PG current Air Car e portfolio, (Procter Gamble, 2010). This will increase the product innovation, expands PGs market and gain more market share. (CASE II-17 by Burgelman and Meza). JIT inventory control Just-in-Time inventory control, can save costs, save time, reduce waste and move products and services to customers on time. In this case, PG is using this method and partnership with Wal- Mart. Wal-Mart linked with PGs inventory management system, provides information sharing and opened its consumer information to PG. After received the sales data directly from the checkout of Wal- Mart, PG used JIT inventory control on time deliveries to Wal-Mart and deliver the stock to the stores to meet the contracted customer service level. The just-in-time process works well for Wal-Mart and helps PG reduce the waste and more efficiency; PGs sales have increased significantly to Wal-Mart and directly to the consumer (Handfield and Nichols, 1999; Simchi-Levi, et al, 2000). TQM the process Total Quality Management (TQM)s principle provides many guidelines for PG to support its management approaches. Each principle will create their procedure to help PG in continually improving with training, practice and education (hubpages.com). The Five components of PGs TQM programs that primary to the improvements are: 1) Plant and division waste assessments to track discharges by site and set goals for improvement 2) Process assessments 3) Lifecycle assessments 4) Research on product impacts 5) Benchmarking. For example, the case at the Lima Ohio facility had success reduced 77% of air, water, and solid energy over four years using the TQM method. The other success example that is paper plant in Mehoopany, PG has created an innovation reduced 75% of the solid waste going to the landfill (www.future500.org). 3. The ways to improve and change The several ways that innovation and IT aspects of the organization/ supply chain of PG might be improved; there are supply chain reinventions, eStore website, products innovation and logistics. 3.1 Setting Up the Web Store Early in this year, PG ran e- commerce in USA, e Store provide a wide range of potential consumer to PG. EStore allow PG to monitor sales volume. World Wide Web allows PG to sell products directly to the consumer and it also allows PG get the relationships with customer. PG can get the comment and suggestion or advices directly to the consumer and take the action to change and improve faster. In addition, PG can overcome geographic barriers to reach a global markets and customer- base. In this case, PG can continue use e- commerce to expand its Web Store to another country, such as Western Europe, Asian countries, because online shopping is not new news to the world, people can accept this marketing method. The PG also can set up its eStore in the lower cost places or overseas, for overseas PG can set up the web store office at merging market such as India or Taiwan because, India is IT developed country can provide good IT with low prices. And in Taiwan, the online shopping market is mature and popular, there have a mature market to PG expands its market to South Asian and China. Beside that, consumer on the Internet do not care where are the web store built. If PG built in the low- cost places, it can gain more profit and reduce the cost. This method that have used by CASE II-4 by DeHayes (2009), they move their offices from high- cost New Jersey to lower- cost Indiana. Supply chain reinvention- supply network In the PGs existing supply chains, it was limit its ability to reduce material use in PGs packages. The existing supply chain in PG is: Supplier manufacturer retailer consumers. After reinventing to the supply networks the PGs supply chain method will be change to Supplier manufacturer consumers. The supply chain has shorter the journal and also giving many benefits. The supply network is more focus on external market and consumer, using supply chain will help PG in expand its market to merging markets. So using the supply networks, PG can more focus on the consumer- driven especially external consumer, it also help PG run its business more fast and flexible. The table 3.1 below has shown that the effective when PG after using the supply networks in PG (Rick Ciccone, 2006). From To Chain Network Long and slow Fast and flexible Forecast-based Demand-based Manufacturer-driven Consumer-driven Internal focus External focus Designed from product forward Designed from shelf back Cost-reduction Value and growth creation Table 3.1, source by : Ciccone, R. (2006) AMR Supply Chain Conference, Reinventing the Supply Chain and Manufacturings Role Improve product innovation- health medicines combine with Chinese herbal According to the research of University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), (2009) reported that Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. In Germany, about 600 700 plant-based medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70% of German physicians. In the last 20 years in the United States, public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in herbal medicine use. Nowadays, Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines (TCHMs) have been modified into solutions, soluble granules and tablets by extracting the plants natural ingredients. Due to the fact that TCHMs are natural and with very little side effects, its usage has been increasing significantly throughout the world. Research has shown that, similar medicinal plants are being used for the same purposes around the world (Chen, 2009). In this case, PG can change the health- care products ingredients to Traditional Chinese Herbal such as facial products, shampoo products. This is a good idea for the products innovation that can bring PG into another business level and markets. 3.3 Partnership with foreign countries company Today, the merging markets are developing so fast, many businesses tries to invest in this market to gain the competitive advantages. In order to survival in the market, PG can choose partnership entry mode to entry foreign countries to avoid distribution system and high cost of inputs problems. This can help PG invest to overseas save more cost, share risk with others and easy to entry the market. Partnership Company will provide the supply chain information to PG, help PG run the business smoothly. For example, PG partnership with Darlie which is a toothpaste brand of the Taiwan of Hawley Hazel company. This product is very popular in Asian countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and the China (www.darlie.com). If PG partnership with this company, it will increase the market share significant. At the same time, PG also can gain the innovation and IT technology. But the Hawley Hazel company may less international business experience. This makes collaboration has a littl e difficult to manage because of their inexperience in the global business arena (CASE III-3, Christensen and Anthony). 4. Overcome the barriers It might be very difficult to overcome the barrier indicated above, unless the organization appropriate financial resources and human resources in: Building global network in different language Although the online marketing has given PG a lot of advantages but the cost and logistics of delivering goods to consumers have been the biggest barriers to PG, this barrier is around this supply chain and cost-effective thing. The cost of logistics and packaging fees are costly, it will affect the profit of PG. Another problem is the delivery problem; some of the rural places there have no convenient transportation for transport. So PG have to create the solutions to reduce the cost of packaging fees and logistics fees. The language and cultural differences also are the barriers of supply network in PG. PG want to expand its business in the merging markets, its has to change the its website page language to multi- languages specially Chinese language because Chinese language popular in Asian including China, Singapore, Taiwan and Malaysia. Those are big developing markets to PG, PG have to improve this services in order to gain the competitive advantages (CASE III-8 by DeHayes, 2009) The program for building a global network of professionals requires a lot of time and resources. PG had taken many years to identify and build its network of technology entrepreneurs, suppliers and scientists (www.business-strategy-innovation.com). Another barrier in building global network that may face is online advertising. Using search engine advertising also is a costly media innovation, because the GoTo search engine charge for the list position. In order to solve these problems, there have two ways that let PG Web store may appear on search engine results, which are sponsored links and relevancy ranked listings (CASEII- 4 by DeHayes, 2009, p 329). Beside that, in order to remove the barriers in Chinese markets, PG has to spend the money and human resources to create a Chinese language website or software (CASE III- 8 by DeHayes, 2009). Using 3PL to remove logistics barriers For the case which improve product innovation to low- income market, normally the facility such as transportation in low- income countries not that develop and convenient especially in the rural places. The problem of delivery to the rural places problem might be very difficult to overcome, besides the organization appropriate financial resources to solve the problems, the another way is using 3PL to remove the logistics barriers, because 3PL helps company to save costs, reduce waste, reduce financial risks. Relationships with Asian retailer In Europe, PG partnerships with Wal- Mart retailer to serve the consumer needs and market. The PG also can use the same method to entry Asian market, it can relationship with Watson, Tesco, The Store, Guardian, Giant etc. Those are famous retailer in South Asian, partnership with them PG can gain more competitive advantages and market share. It also help PG invest to Asian easier. The Asian retailer can give the feedback from the Asian consumer comment and suggestion; this will help PG to improve and benchmark with others company and continue improve itself, same with CASE III-3 by Christen and Anthony (2009) relationship with outside, take the knowledge from others. Stay focused on its customers need, Kanban continue improvement strategy In order to overcome the barriers from competitor, PG should stay focused on its customers needs, continue improve in technologies and also product, using the Kanban continue improvement strategy to maintain its business strategy and competitive advantages. At the same have to benchmark itself and competitor. Benchmarking helps PG opens organizations to new methods, gives ideas and tools to improve their effectiveness. PF can get more innovation from this management method, and this management has been used by many companies, such as Toyota, Nissan etc. Continue the Open innovation activities Innovation is PG business strategy, it cannot survival without innovation, PG come out many ideas to remove the barrier. And the open innovation is the way that PG use to remove the lack of innovation period in its business and this activities run (CASE III-3 by Christensen and Anthony, 2009). The open innovation activities need a lot of money and human resources such as scientist, chemistry, engineering, materials science, biological sciences, designer to develop the technology or innovation products and also packaging design. To overcome the barrier indicated above, PG has appropriate financial resources in place and the appropriate human resources to operate the equipment. For example, the Summer Camp program, that is a way to search for the best or brightest innovation group (Procter and Gamble, 2010). Company has to appropriate financial resources to organize this program to keep the open innovation run. That is hard to find a talented and creative scientist, chemistry and engin eering, and also costly to hire (CASE IV- 2 by Matthew C. Verlinden). Mass advertise According to the research of University of Maryland Medical Center (2009) there are still some Europe countries which do not widely accept the usage of Chinese Herbs medicines, they classified the Chinese Herbs as drug that are not fully regulated. In order to overcome the problem, the company should mass advertise Chinese Herbal products to the public, by introducing its health benefits and the little side effect it has on people. To do that a company has to invest a large sum of money in promoting and advertising these products to gain consumers trust which then leads to an increase in its market share. Training system Human resource is one of the main resources that need most. Training system uses to provide company human resources such as expert skills and knowledge. PG training system provide a set of session to train all its leadership team and subject matter experts including cultural, language, and religious differences with the organization. People can use the knowledge which they learn in the training system to manage the implementation of innovation and change (www.business-strategy-innovation.com). In order to run this system successful, the financial resources have been providing by PG (CASE II- 1 by DeHayes, 2009). 5. Conclusions The findings indicate that PG is now looking for more innovation and IT that can move the supply chain more efficient and effectiveness. Recently PG has used the outsourcing method, there is open innovation and through the acquisitions other company to increase the innovation and IT. JIT and TQM to confirm the supply chain run smoothly, and meet the consumer demands on time. Open online web store helps PG expand its business without geography barriers, increase its market share. Change to supply network is to reinventing its Supply Chain and Manufacturings Role. However, there have a lot of barriers, such as lack of innovation problems, Websites language problems, logistics problem and the quality control barriers of the innovation and IT in the supply chain become the burden of PG to improve and reduce its benefit. In order to overcome the barriers, it can be concluded that the organization must appropriate financial resources and human resources in open innovation program, training system to overcome the lack of innovation barriers. Focus on merging market to gain the competitive advantages and overcome the competition barriers and using the 3PL to remove logistics barriers in low- income market.

Essay --

In 12 different states, former ex-felons even after serving their term have a large chance on losing their voting rights for good; don’t you think that is too harsh? 19 states give the ex-felons a chance to redeem their rights after their term of incarceration, parole, and probation, while another 19 states give their rights back after their term is up. In this case you can conclude that no matter how large or small the charge, the ex-felon was convicted of that their rights for voting should not simply be given back to them after their term, although the ex-felons should have the right to earn back their legal, vote it should not be that easy. The NAACP is talking to the U.N. to make sure all former convicted felons in the United States can vote. They are currently trying to recommend ways to U.S. authorities on the topic of restoring all citizens’ voting rights. The NAACP states that â€Å"nearly 6 million citizens are barred from voting because of previous felo ny convictions† (Jamey Keaten) and that number is too high. The government officials in charge of the rights of ex-felons need to create a solution to allow majority of the former convicted inmates to vote again under certain circumstances and rules. The rights of ex-felons should be reestablished after their term is complete to a certain extent, maybe a jury of U.S. authorities can vote on a guideline or format regarding the voting rights of these ex-inmates that would fall under being uneducated or unserious, they could follow these rules and if deemed eligible to vote by the council they receive back their voting rights. The other ex-inmates who have committed less severe crimes should be given an opportunity to earn back their vote in all 51 states as well. Just becau... ...re there for a reason and aren’t right-minded. This opinion is very tempting to support, anyone can see where they are coming from when they are explaining why they do not agree on voting rights and that’s because they have a very plausible reason not to. Former ex-felons should be granted the right to vote after their term is up to a certain extent. The U.S. states are split on their point of views of voting rights and the U.S. should have a national law regarding voting rights of former felons. Ex-felons should have to take an IQ test and post a reasonable score and follow mandatory guidelines after they are released from prison to ensure that they are responsible and smart enough to cast a reasonable vote. This rule would benefit the candidates in voting’s, help provide more accurate results, and give the ex-felon a sense of dignity and self-importance.